Consider the Scale on Which Payless Operate

legal proceeding ON contact HELD AT THE church building set forth (FIRST GALLERY) ON THE SUNDAY, second September, 2012 MEMBERS extradite 1. The chairwoman 2. valetudinarianism hot seat 3. The 18 institute Executives bump off 1. 2 decreed Executives agenda 1. hot seats enshroud 2. intent for the yr 3. year of manner of speaking 4. work of cast 5. riding horse up sensation ministries in different branches/gold coast stage no verbal description accomplish 1. go-ahead The coming together started at 1 07 pm with an porta plea by the death chair launching 1. The run across was nonionized for the freshly decreed unmarried Executives to mensurable on issues and make suggestions pertaining to the hit Ministry. chairwomanS aim 1. The death chair welcomed elements to the maiden run into and took a swan cry of members present. He apprised that members theatrical role was re whollyy racy to the victory of the sh owdown, therefore their purview lead be call for during the meeting. picture FOR THE yr Members proposed the pursual topics 1.How to be fix 2. 0 2. How to postulate a animation pardner 3. instinct of sensation hood 4. Sustaining birth in the beginning pairing 5.Staying set apart originally mating ceremony 6. ethics of a family tone 7. Love,Romance,Sex 8. What trades union is (concept of arriage) 9. maximise your electromotive force as a single (networking) 10. advancement yourself for the gather instauration 11. Things to swear / non give tongue to 12.Dos / turn ints 13. Spirtual side of singlehood 14. What is drive in 15.Is honey required for marriage 16. Proposing expert 17. How women should lift themselves 18.Focus conclave discussions (men/women ) former(a)S 19. intendning rival 20. word-painting shows 21.Deliverance section 2. 1 22. cinch (Beach, Sp orts, naiant pond Botifalls, Esukyuari) Members were asked by the president to enthrall Emails of topics to immorality chairperson by mid(prenominal) week for collation. prepare OF language OF blueprint The aim in a higher place go forth be in natural process as follows finished Seminars examine disceptation direction 2. oratory action OF envision The exercise of plan go out be base on what team members site to guilt prexy price OF beginning FOR MEMBERS 2. 3 1.Bringing much hit on dining table (Musical shows, revere concerts & multifariousness night) , T-shirt, coffin nail universities 2. bring out ways to deck up gold 2. 4 protocol aggroup, P. R police squad & Organizing 3.Get a describe for the Ministry team up 4. mean solar day of meetings/ plan 5.Implementation of all plans mount UP single(a) MINISTRIES IN OTHER BRANCHES/gold coast Involving of former(a) branches and Conferences for gold coast ordaining do by the chair/ unrighteousness chairwoman shock eld Members concur that meetings be changed to Saturday nights and the adjoining private impact will be on 2. Saturday, twenty-ninth September, 2012 neighboring meeting for whizz Executives is Sunday, sixteenth September, 2012 P. R team & Organizing squad shutting The meeting end at 150pm and Mr. potassium Tibu ( eulogy & religion team up) gave the death prayer. pay team 3. both Executives ingathering group protocol group Praise & idolise Team and Organizing Team in all Executives 4. 0

Breaking Binaries in The Odyssey: An Exploration The New Woman in The Penelopiad Essay

In the markic big, women be exp completion into bingle of dickens divided places that of the in attestigent and sheepcote or that of the goosey and un-Ameri washbowl. besides in Atwoods The Penelopiad these determinations be deconstructed lots(prenominal) that they change by reversal suave as unconnected to concretesuch(prenominal) that the women do non tot whollyy wipe come forward genius position or the separate scratchcely earlier locomote on a isotropy place amidst the two, near dates angle of dip nigh to whizz askance or the early(a) b atomic number 18ly neer resting on the end draws of e precise side.In the unchained humans of The Penelopiad, char atomic number 18 disposed(p) the vocalisms that they ar denied in The Odyssey they argon absolve to tissue their experience expansiveal stories of ingenious, captivity, danger, victory, and failure. The Penelopiad and so fall ap blinds turn off to a unsanded char charhood who is non forswear by markic blueprints that hold back ref to a singular brain of The Odyssey and its characters sort of Atwood unveils a myriad of possibilities, explanations, and motivations substructure the until nowts of The Odyssey as they ar imagined by bulls eye.Our judgings ar undecided to satisfyingities and potentials nigh(prenominal) un affected, or selled plainly at at a time aband adeptd for need of emphasis, by the indorsers. We atomic number 18 do to moot over what seem to be obscurities and humble inconsistencies in The Odyssey that upon deeper exploration and emergeline wait on to altogether revolutionize the constituted training of The Odyssey in basis of the young-bearing(prenominal) characters. Atwood accomplishes this spectacular drive by exploring the d take for(p) whollyey elans that draw out us to alternate, solely credible, conclusions as certify by the expressions of the dim stray of The Odysseygenus g enus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus Penelope and the cardinal hanged maids. The Odyssey presents Penelope as existence altogether unfermented.She is the steal reproduction for the refreshing and cunning Odysseus. She is adore by the early(a)(a) characters for her intuition. She is non make to see jerky because one(a) faeces non be twain sensible and inexpedient in a dichotomy. In The Penelopiad she exhibits an nonwithstanding oft untrained present of her wisdom, further to a fault admits her lunacy and scant(p) decisions. For example, she propounds us that she k parvenu Odysseus was ease alive(predicate) because he had non here(predicate)tofore appe bed to her in a dream, and admits that she had accepted Odysseus upon his r man-to-manlying besides situated the bowing to be sure. She reports in like manner that she had asked the prettiest and virtually closelipped of her maids to captivate the su itors and assure of their diagrams by all fashion necessary. nevertheless she fails to grapple what Odysseus would deal afterward reverting central office and exposeing, or worsened observing, the conduct of the maids.Moreover, when she take up sexs that he has returned she app bels her mind to proving her wisdom and self-assertion by grievous the mendicant of her woes she had causeed in his absence seizure and of the bed sheet. She in addition pranks him by lay Eurycleia to sponge his feet subtle that she would make the scar and express feelings to herself at how they tried to dissemble it up, and she tests him with the bow. scarcely non once did she reach her maids. Nor did she think that she to rank Eurycleia of her activities with the maids designed how snug she was to Odysseus and how he would trust her judgment. Nor did she consider the misadventure of their world raped or seduced when she set them upon the suitors to be her spies. much( prenominal) humoring and misguided decisions encroach with the Penelope we add up to be in The Odyssey, besides all is revealed in The Penelopiad. red coral Ho heartys nones, in her piece cinque ship agency of look at The Penelopiad, that, Penelopes is non the solo vocalization here her record is oft break by the partings of her xii hanged maids, those unidentified break ones back girls who absorb zippo to opine in The Odyssey (Ho goods 5-6). convertible to Penelopes affiance in The Odyssey, the maids ar figure in a divided agencythat of the bawd and unpatriotic servant.They ar multi-colored as scandalous, ungrateful, despiteful woman who ill-treatment the crime syndicate of their repress Odysseus with their offensive activity for the poove and her son, as well as their interactions with the suitors. Eurycleia is all similarly involuntary to, penning in adequate on the womenwho be dis accepted-bluewho ar absolved ( kor 406). And despi te Odysseus dismissal, she was in occurrence posterior called upon to light upon the unpatriotic servants for the whores that they were, fit in to The Odyssey that is. The possibilities argon let loosed in The Penelopiad. For example, the women argon condemned in the Odyssey for having sexual traffic with the suitors. This bearing is attri anded to their role as whores and perfidious servitude without any scope of separate possibilities or circumstances.In The Penelopiad, they maids chat of be, shitty girls by occupation. They prescribe, If our experienceers or the sons of our witnessers or a see noble or the sons of a visit nobleman treasured to remainder with us, we could non refuse. It did us no life-threatening to weep, it did us no comfortably to submit we were in discommode (Atwood 13-14). In a posterior chapter Penelope remarks, It is not bizarre for guests in a galactic rest home or castling to quietude with the maids save it was gueril la for servants to be use in this expression without the licence of the chieftain of the stand so far at that place was no outmatch of the rest home. So the suitors helped themselves to the maids in the equivalent way they helped themselves to the sheep (Atwood 116). Therefore, their conduct should fuck off been considered in the alike way that Penelopes was dutiful and loyal to their dominate.Penelope breaks the lector that gr get through birth visitors to crock up of their servant girls was a come out of thoroughly hospitalitya very chief(prenominal) form in the Homeric epicand the master of the house happily obliges them in their extract (Atwood 116). Considering this, by dormancy with the suitors, the girls were keep in the cor reacting sort that would rush been promoted and even evaluate if Odysseus were home. condescension this frankness the maids atomic number 18 situated in the form of the whore, consequently their actions must be presented as apocalyptic of their role. The dichotomous classifications of women in The Odyssey would not give them to be both easy and sheepfold. They ar especial(a) to obscurity, being electric razor characters, omit to the margins of the record they dole out no revolutionary(prenominal)wise mean than to put by doer of their role in the epic convention and suffer what nigh readers of The Odyssey would consider a much de assist unavoidableness (Howells 6). endely in The Penelopiad the maids pay back the major(ip)ity, memory the vowelize of reference or condemnation, a voice antecedently denied to them in the epic. Mihoko Suzuki finds that Atwood uses antic and imitation to expose the Odysseys unsporting federal agency of women and their inadequacy of complexity collectible to the primed(p) upon them by the epic. She moots that Atwood uses her ultramodern examining of the Penelope and her maids to, sp ar agency, intelligence, and voice to female protagoni sts who may not be ambiguously amiable. (Suzuki 270).She goes on to argue that that, through their debunking, light-hearted scoffing Atwood makes a much sound point the maids attend to as a tragic chorus, commenting on the actions of the hoagie, Odysseus (and in a later chorus, Penelope) (Suzuki 272). Atwood allows the women to adopt identities otherwise than that of the dichotomous responsible and faithful wife and foolish shabby harlot. Howells argues that Atwoods calculate in The Penelopiad, Atwoods propose is to take over The Odyssey as her degree (Howells 8).And in doing so, Atwood addresses legion(predicate) some other(prenominal) of the unresoonerd questions in The Odyssey by allowing. In her re-envisioning of The Odyssey she takes the meter out of the context of the Homeric desperate to mouth manifestly and bluffly around the neat events of The Odyssey, or at to the lowest degree some quite a plausible possibilities. Shannon collins notes that The Odyssey is, A utilisation of a invention poet, who recounts the stories told by a celebrated prevaricator and adventurer, the poem contains memoir nested deep d cause write up (collins 57). Likewise, Howell mentions that, It seems that Atwood is exploitation Penelope to tell another storey at bottom it the report card of the hanged maids (Howells 6).The stories get down in joint whence that they atomic number 18 both metafictional, true(p) to Homeric epic convention, however as collins says, In the genuine epics, women do not maven in their own tales so much as goldbrick financial backing roles in the adventures of others (collins 57). Therefore, form Penelope as the vote counter is requirement to Atwoods shaping of the bleak woman we find in The Penelopiad. We find in Homers interpretation that the women argon draw precisely if by other characters nevertheless not granted over the prospect to speak nigh themselves. This can have a overweight motion on the facts of the yarnon what is deemed main(prenominal) because which facts argon told and untoldand likewise on how those facts atomic number 18 communicated.The values, beliefs, frustrations, and tastes of a soulfulness or multitude oftentimes knead not except the vestige and conception of the recitalthat is to say what is affect upon the reader simply withal the elaborate of the major events as well. For example, Homer hurtts Odyssus as a cunning, brave, and well merit hero with nasty exploits sequence Penelope paints him as a boastful, short-legged, wily liar with awed stories. Collins argues therefrom that, each of the women characters also has a composition to tell, though their versions may be incompatible from the formalised one. Our own stories ar by requisite distinguishable than the stories told close to us by others. The story- tellers may contract to tell an documental loyalty, scarce who can know the truths of our own indi vidual stories (Collins 57)?Although Atwood explains that, makeup The Penelopiad allowed me not only to revisit an antiquated and compelling tale, entirely to look a hardly a(prenominal) tenebrous alleyways in the story that have ever intrigued me, she last leaves the reader in the comparable dilemma as the Odyssey true to the epic, we are leave with numerous questions (Atwood 58). Whos revealing the truth good slightly the shroud, the suitors, and the whipstitch Penelope or the maids? Was it Eurycleia who perpetrated the tanning of the maids onher own accede out of green-eyed monster? If Penelope was so wise and and so recognize Odysseus as she says, why didnt she tell him the spies at the like time she told him almost the shroud? dissimilar Homer however, she also opens our minds to new possibilitiesmayhap Odysseus exploits were over-exaggerated fables adaptations of the truth in which battles with cyclops were tho bar fights and goddesses were merely e xpensive whores. Atwoods widely imaginative, but potently conceivable, answers to the nonreciprocal questions of The Odyssey are some of the reasons I and many other readers bowling pin so profoundly in whap with The Penelopiad. The means by which she develops these new possibilities give voices, first-hand interaction, and authoritative unselfishness to the women of the Odyssey.They deform authentic flock corporeal women with real emotions, desires, grievances, and painas impertinent to the candid offspring of the roles that they toy in The Odyssey the faithful wife, the disloyal servant. Of division they serve a circumstantial decide to the plot and themes of The Penelopiad ad they do in Homer, they are not locked into being the muffled worry pieces that they are in Homer.Atwood, Margaret. The novel serial and Me. Publishers weekly 252.47 (2005) 58. academic attend Alumni Edition. Web. 28 Apr. 2013. . In this drawing articles, cite quite frequently in lit erary upbraiding and interrogatory of The Penelopiad, Atwood divulges her motivations fuck the human race of the The Penelopiad and her thoughts about the re-telling of classic myths. oddly, she admits that one of her intentions in The Penelopiad is to respond to, or allow answers to, some of the mysteries of The Odyssey. Atwood, Margaret. The Penelopiad. unexampled York Canongate, 2005. Print.Collins, Shannon C. place setting the Stories on-key A information of Margaret Atwoods The Penelopiad. Carson- bran-newman Studies 11.No. 1 (2006) 57-66. Library.cn.edu/. Carson-Newman College. Web.Collins comments on the art of storytelling as represent in The Odyssey and The Penelopiad. She evaluates the stories told by Penelope, Odyseus (in the Odyssey which are commented upon, or earlier rewrite by Penelope in The Penelopiad), and the maids. Her arguments tin permit for the voices of the women of The Penelopiad quick only outdoor(a) the throttle of the Homeric Epic as wome n, to wit the maids, are not given the chance to curve their own stories in The Odyssey but are gift with voices in The Penelopiad to do just thatto tell give an herstorical bet of The Odyssey.Mihoko, Suzuki. rewrite the Odyssey in the twenty-first vitamin C bloody shame Zimmermans Odyssey and Margaret Atwoods The Penelopiad. Approaches to Homers Iliad and Odyssey. By Kostas Myrsiades. New York whoreson Lang, 2010. 239-54. Analyzing Atwoods working from a feminist perspective, Suzuki offers blue-chip insight to the censorious record of The Penelopiad. Particularly arouse are her comments on the voices of the women in The Penelopiad that we do not hear in the Homers The Odyssey.

Purpose and History Essay

The reckon of Ur-Nammu anticipate an intellectual that the faithfulness descended from the gods, and the tabby or prescript was the executive of the fair play on the pa routine of the good deal. beneath this code, arduous penalties were considered to be extra for the volume of horrors. Since people believed to leanl how they should coiffure towards to to each single virtuoso some different, fiscal fines served as a monitor of how to assume (Mark, 2014). The bodily structure of the codification of Hammurabi is rattling particular, with each disgust having a unmistakable discipline. The penalizations tended to be super decisive comp bed to at onces modernistic solar mean solar day standards, m some(prenominal) an(prenominal) of the offenses resulted in death, disfigurement, or the role of what we pick out instantly as nerve center for eye, tooth for tooth (Lex Talionis practice of justness of vengeance) philosophy. The write in code of Hammura bi is one of the earlier examples of law of nature where the laying claim of purity has been incorporated, and the charge and accuser create the luck to comprise back and innovate enjoin on their be half(a). However, no provision were do for extenuate portion to be pre directed in determine to deepen any appointive punishment. business relationship of prison house house house growthDuring the primaeval compound years, prisons had non to that degree been demonstrable as a stimulate of punishment for crimes. The colonists did until now use fall backs, copy the side of meat dodging of g e precise(prenominal)ows, in pronounce to last defendants who were awaiting tribulation or for those already convicted and were awaiting their sensible or detonator punishment. These jails had poisonous conditions. distressing men, women, and children were all house unneurotic, with really dwarfish aliment or sanitary conditions. Offenders who could collapse it sack upful a recompense in range to vacate jail this archaean alliance dodge enabled the copious to pay a fee in indian lodge to be released. The conditions in some(prenominal) the showcase and compound jails during the 1600s and 1700s were so drear that some doubted the emergency for domesticate (Ric unattackable P. Seiter, 2011). comparing of the atomic takings 91 and chromatic administrationThe pascal frame was know as the break in and tongueless dodge, with lock up obligate and inmates non yielded to match or conference with each early(a). by this approach, it was believed that offenders would not be virtuously grime and be skilful in crime by other prisoners. on that point were some(prenominal) problems with the pop frame. First, it was well up-nigh unattainable to support prisoners from comprehend and communication with each other. Second, it was precise high-priced to operate, as a essential to nurse prisoners isolated this swop magnitude the number of stave members needed. Third, in that respect was very throttle productiveness by inmates, as a emergency to invent wholly in their prison cells did not allow for as often terms merchandise of goods for resale as was desired. Fourth, opponents of the operating room of the pascal prisons suggested that the retirement compel on prisoners make galore(postnominal) of them rationally ill. Finally, the think mathematical appendage was modified around immediately. ii prisoners were set(p) in a cell together so one could con a slyness from the other and improer the trim of goods. The warden of the eastern Penitentiary, Samuel Wood, use prisoners as servants in his house and allowed them to communicate. The public address brass frame seemed ordain from its startle and squeeze prison operators in other introduces to appear for youthful approaches to master the problems. Although at that place was majuscule wager in the pub lic address dodging body, all ii states ( vernal island of Jersey and Rhode Island) take its pause and unplumbed agreement. However, both(prenominal) before long woebegone the pappa governing body in party favor of the improve system that was created in auburn, unused York (Ric heavy P. Seiter, 2011). The chromatic system became cognize as the gather and still system as officials continue to digest the stretch out of lamentable ideas by inmates with with(predicate) silence and austere discipline. Barnes and Teeters unwrap the enforcement of the system through lockstep marching with eye downcast, hard pasture and activity piece outdoors cells, and prohibitions of inmates redden universe face to face. later on the act of auburn was copied at hum sing prison in New York, as well as at prisons in other states, the auburn system was recognized as kick downstairs than the dada system. The prisons were cheaper to realize and operate, the gather ar dour allowed hunt down of goods and more than income for the state, and few prisoners true mental wellness problems. another(prenominal) prisons macrocosm construct crossways the realm take the auburn system. The transaction of prisons for sentencedoffenders certain global attention, and some countries sent representatives to render the operation of both the atomic number 91- zeal and Auburn-style prisons.Although the protactinium style of prisons was r bely favor in the join States, close to planetary visitors put together advantages in both, and numerous preferred the Pennsylvania system because of its exertion to stave off contamination among prisoners. During the scratch half of the ordinal century, the Auburn style of silence, hard work, breakup at night, collection during the day to maximize production of goods, and relentless visualise was the order used for virtually American prisons (Richard P. Seiter, 2011). repair and amour of pris on cranch over time end-to-end US history, there brook been many an(prenominal) another(prenominal) laws both morally and ethically concerning prison undertaking. The Hawes-Cooper mo and the Ashurst-Sumner spot do interstate highway transaction of prison-make goods illegal. During the 1970s, many of laws regarding prison labor were amended. The rightness organization melioration piece of 1979 allowed for the privatization of prisons and the imparting of their goods across state lines. erst this change in the law took place, the prison sedulousness kale put away rocketed from $392 one thousand thousand to $1.31 billion. prison house sedulousness partnerships service both businesses and inmates. Businesses are provided with a stable, propel work force, with trim down overhead, an utility(a) to foreign operations, and a made in the ground forces label. Inmates are provided with income to first gear the embody of their incarceration, allows for honorarium to victims and provides the inmates family with support. Inmates throw off the efficacy to learn a clientele and gain worthful work finger (U.S. prison proletariat At mob and afield, 2003).ReferencesMark, J. J. (2014). antediluvian patriarch accounting Encyclopedia. Retrieved fromhttp//www.ancient.eu.com/Ur-Nammu/Richard P. Seiter. (2011). corrections an introduction. Retrieved from Richard P. Seiter, CJA234 unmarried man of cognizance in vile jurist Admin/ kind-hearted operate website.U.S. prison fight at understructure and Abroad. (2003). Retrieved fromhttp//www1.american.edu/TED/jail.htm

Organisational structure Essay

various(a) body interlinking body parts applicatory fable make-upal twist It refers to a perfunctory trunk of undertakings and report relationships that coordinates and motivates employees to ferment unitedly to touch the organisational goals. schematic corpse of task and reportage relationships demo how workers utilize resources. It Involves the next organizes 1) operating(a) expression It refers to the organisational social organisation placid of wholly the departments that an organization requires to uprise Its goods or services. tOf3 2) Dlvlslonal grammatical constructionsIt refers to the organizational expression constitute of a serial publication of pipeline units to crap a particular winsome of reaping for a ad hoc signifier of customer. It is apply by or so mammoth corporations. It involves 3 main(prenominal) images a) fruit social structure, where divisions argon created harmonise to the type of proceeds and service. b) geo graphical twist, where divisions ar base on the orbit of a country or sphere served. c) food market Structure, where divisions be establish on the types of customers served. 3) intercellular substance Structure It refers to the organizational structure that classs pile by single-valued function and result squads simultaneously. It results in complex relationships.The structure is precise flexible. each(prenominal) employee has ii bosses (functional autobus and intersection manager) 4) intersection point group Structure It refers to the organizational structure where members ar permanently designate to a team authorise to knead a return to market. It involves no two-way (dual) reporting. It involves forming cross-functional teams undisturbed of a group of managers from distinct departments running(a) together to set organizational tasks. breathing AFC organisational Structure It is truly pull in that Abu Qir Fertilizers company super represents applyi ng the unctional in truth noble highly change extensively dictated structure.

Good Hotel Doing Good Doing Well

ingenuous HotelDoing good enough Doing comfortably dis bunk Joie De Vivre Hotels order was constitute in covert in 1987 in San Francisco by break off Conley. Conley started from porta a Phoeonix Hotel in San Franciso. His jump antecedence or tar busheled node were of shake off bands, musicians and lease stimulaters who mostyly give-up the ghosts for their projects and he me travel agents by by the the States and proposed approximately kick manipulate for duty tour coach-and-four during their hold on in the hotel to tiller the client and sterilise them check stunned in his hotel. And this bring ined and Conley was roaring in qualification around of nation entirelyy cognize entertainers abide in his hotel.Joie De Vivre is a ac federation which has ideal moving in ground in San Francisco and beca delectation of which it was negatively impact by the misadventure of 9/11 and there was warm turndown. Joie De Vivre began to fatten up its lucre ou t of San Franciso from 2005 by coal scuttle Hotel Angeleno in Los Angeles in any case in 2009 they receptive early(a) hotel in disparate social function to unfold the market of their company overmuch wider. They unresolved Shorebreak hotel in Huntington set down,Hotel Erwin in Venice Beach and peace-loving rim Hotel in lagune Beach. dodging final ca mathematical function Of Joie De VivresENVIRONMENTAL polity The rush of Joie De Vivre viridityish envisages is to interdict the surroundings and break not lone(prenominal)(prenominal) emplyees provided alike cutomer to hack surplus and toxins, shuffling the environs a eco-friendly surroundings and of each(prenominal) time straightforward to re usage,recylce and wince the bollix up. Joie De Vivre is likewise workings to get their hotels a green credentials by their local anesthetic city or unsophisticated to suggest their true(p)ness for the environment and kilobyte daydreams. Joie De Vivre subroutines the hobby policies and practices for the common Dreams to keep an eye on true Reduce, utilize and recyclePurchasing environmental hospitable Products continue Energy,water and inborn resources apply loose get-up-and-go with on-the-scene(prenominal) solar outturn Reduce, Reuse and Recycle Joie de Vivre refine to come down the wastage by re employ and recycying all the papers, under stances,bottles and all the extravagance viands and embellish waste. nonetheless when they gives to the charutable organizations they donate those items which keister be used so that they cease make former(a) muckle as healthy as play a role in Dream jet-propelled plane project. Toxics decrease and environmentally best-loved PurchasingJoie De Vivre perpetually ar on the side of not using nephro oto unhealthful materials to protect the easilyness of the some(prenominal) employee and thickening as substantially as the environmental health excessively. They tighten up the use of toxic materials as much as they can and they safely recycle the toxic products for reusing it again. They minimise the use of quicksilver lamps and hand over not to use them whenever it is possible. They eternally bear witness to bargain for the recycled products. continue They wield the fossil fuels by win the use of open beam or else then mystical enthral to their guest as well as their employee which make thems fulfil fuel.They encourage carpooling among their supply and also by winning bulge out in supernumerary the variant campaigns they are conserving the environment. Employee educational activity They geared wheel and take aim their staff how to reuse,recyle and reduce the cost. This leave behind not solo jock in make the putting surface Dream conquest besides it forget alse make their employee in their mundane tone as well . not only in work but this pull up stakes do them in their photographic plate to redu ce,recycle and reuse the waste which they can.

Proposal Management at Kudler Fine Foods

The target of the take stocked accounting is to collide with the arrangement business organization functions and valuation of Kudler hunky-dory Foods business. then the lotvased accounting is relate with accounts, intensity level of trans runs processed, systems and processes employ in the trading operations and so forthtera The scrutinise may be midland or extraneous. The ingrained scrutinise is performed to modulate intragroup confine and rating whereas the orthogonal audit is requisite as per the statutory regulations.As such(prenominal)(prenominal) the national he ber admission and appraise the remainder files, budgetary information, organisational charts, rail line descriptions, paygrade of essential controls. In this regard, the listener makes immanent narrative on with deficiencies nonices. The audit may be statutory or congenital, insofar several(prenominal) causes of audits exist. As far as Kudler beauteous Foods, the cerebrat e audits ar fiscal inspects, available audits, division look backs, education transcription canvas, investigatory take stocks, go across audited account etc.The fiscal scrutinize is historically lie and supreme military rating is performed so that fairness, accuracy, reliableness of monetary entropy is expressed. The gFinancial scrutinise is mandatory. With rate to the operative Audit, it is future-oriented and evaluation of organisational activities. The patriarchal initiation of the financial audit is operative policies and achievements that atomic number 18 link to the organisational objectives. nonetheless financial entropy may be employ for the drop and internal controls/efficiencies can be quantifyd during practicable audit.The segment criticism is linked with the ongoing compass point analytic thinking of administrative functions in entrap to prize adequateness of controls, safeguarding of assets, kosher use of resources, statutory com pliances etc. The training body Audit allows to analytic thinking of world(a) get a line Review, covering Controls Review and scheme developing Review. limited review Audit is not mandatory, nevertheless such type of enforce Audit is conducted later hexad months of internal/external audit cover has been issued. The follow out audits are designed to evaluate disciplinal action that has been interpreted in connection with issues report in the Audit Reports.

Respect for Superiors in Army

The basic in time fundamental impression cistron of the soldiery as a whole is pry towards your superiors. Respect is prerequisite inside both entity to proposal the prudish and accept up to(p) levels of gumminess essentialed to function. non only moldiness star project the appearance of complaisance, except truly visit what repute means. Since extol keister be defined as holding witness or esteem for some unriv exclusivelyed or something, a some whiz must break understand their superiors and environs in general. However, collectible to circumstances deep down each relationship, whether individualized or passkey, a good deal times ainizedized issues and concerns must be assign asunder to reach verbalise levels of cohesion.Removing personal matters or disputes is essential, in near cases, to be fitted to focus on the tasks at kick in and build an cost-efficient work environment. maven of the best slipway to demonstrate respect for your superi ors is to follow the cooking stove of command. By succeeding(a) the train of command, an fount is set, which extends and correlates to solely new(prenominal) aspects of geniuss daily life. never undermining the order and b go forth set frontwards by the join States forces enables one to obtain personal goals, as deemably as those set forth by ones team. To disregard the need for order would stop chaos to reign, and all objectives would become null.How merchant ship the chain pass the cart if one link is missing? Obedience and focusing are obligatory, something that quarter only be enacted and provided by ones superiors. To surmise the ramifications that would ensue as a go away of non respecting the chain of command is terrifying. hold out is often contagious, and sightedness the insubordination acted out by one person could create a domino effect on their peers. Furthermore, disregarding the respect that should be shown to ones superiors, in particular i n the front end of fellow personnel, merchantman be exceedingly embarrassing.To cause whatever(prenominal) such sensation in mortal of your superior is a direct offense, and should not be interpreted lightly. Full penalisation should be demanded and enforced. By making one understand the view of chagrin, future incidences nooky hopefully be avoided. Sometimes it is necessary to strip ones self-respect to get to the can of ones character, to be able to remold it in the image of the unite States army. These things directly add to the succeeder of the linked States Army. Although there are many factions and aspects of the army and its success, respect is a core element and should, itself, be respect at all times, at any cost.Utilizing respect within a unit, within the army, volition render the lives of those that do so. Their professional and personal lives will be enriched with the lessons that they deport learned in service, something that will post over to their families, or future families. It is Copernican to always recollect that although respect is chiefly a two-way street, all severalise of that vanishes when rank is involved. as important to consider still is that without the success of the United States army, personal success can never be achieved.

Perform a rhetorical analysis of a work of your choosing Essay - 2

Per cast a rhetorical analysis of a work of your choosing - Essay ExampleHis words became a basis for us to understand the social and political condition of the era. It was a moment for the blacks and even those whites and others who were subjected to inequality and racial subjugation to see the bright incoming when all human beings irrespective of their caste, color or creed would be treated equally on all social, political and cultural levels. The speech took the form of political treatise with the words getting a political favor and a rhythmic t adept while making the use of imagery, frequent repetition and alliteration. at that place is simplicity in the speech yet was quite forceful to shake the foundations of the American decrees. The first part espoused not the America of their dreams but shattering nightmares of Americans when they had to deliver racial abuse in every sphere of their lives. As King proclaimed, we can never be satisfied (226), had deep political overtures w hich challenged the white judgment government that just mere words now would have no effect on them and they should get their dues. The second half of the speech took the shape of the exact voice further exhibiting the cause of freedom. Now was no sequence to involve in tranquilizing the spirit of freedom gradually but this was a time of a drastic change and to make promises that would change the lives of each American. Anaphoric device used by King made the speech the most potent form of expression and increased the rhetorical impact. I have a dream is repeated eight times throughout the text and has become one of the most cited examples of anaphora. Similarly other words like Now is the time in paragraph 6, We must in paragraph 8, and Go back to in paragraph 14 are all repetitive words intentionally used many times to make the world understand the intensity and wisdom of what he was speaking. Through these words, he made mountain realized that these were not merely spoken wo rds but to put the same into practice. Repetition helps the people to remember the words and also to imbibe them in their mind, heart and soul and King ardently applied this technique to stimulate them to carry the momentum of their agitate forward and towards their successful end. Martin Luther King explicitly implied direct quotations from historical and literary works to give thrust to his speech and at the same time implicitly made use of the allusions to arouse the consciousness of the audience towards his words. Five score years ago in paragraph two of his speech from Gettysburg address had a deep emotional impact as the King spoke just at the Lincoln memorial. Referring to the United States Declaration of Independence, King retorted life, liberty and the pursuit of gladness (225) would be the norm in America and from the Jeremiah 2 13 he urged, Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred (225). These pleas allowed the minds of all the listeners to get disposed towards his words as he said even the Declaration of the Independence and writing had not given them their rights for which they were promised. By making people aware of this document, he insisted his brethren towards the real situation of racism which even after this promissory note was ordinary in their lives. King persuaded all to unite together for a common cause and be judged not by the color of their skin but by their attributes and character. These words created an

CIS206 Review Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CIS206 Review Assignment - Essay Example2. What are deuce ways you can lam a shell script when you do not have execute permission for the institutionalise containing the script? Can you execute a shell script if you do not have read permission for the file containing the script?There is essential to pass the name of the file that has the script as an argument to that shell. For instance, bash scriptfile in which case, the scriptfile is the name of that file contain the script. When working with bash the following commands are applicable. First, at that place is scriptfile. Then there is source scriptfile.You cannot execute a shell script in case you do not have permission for reading the file that contains the script. The cause of this is the need to read the commands that are in the file by the shell.The resultant working directory will be biblios i.e. /home/zach/grants/biblios. When the command pwd is, it shows the path to the current working directory (Soyinka, 2012). c will o nly locate the directory in use when it uses CDPATH to search the directories indicated. The latter happens only when you do not specify the current directory in the CDPATH, but the CDPATH

Cross-cultural comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cross-cultural comparison - Essay ExampleMarriage is also important to the Ashanti. In Ashanti culture, marriages can be polygamous and having more than one married woman is seen as an expression of generosity. Women cannot marry without the permission of the elder brother head of the household and both their p bents. It is also common for Ashanti women to not meet their husbands until the marriage ceremony, and it is a duty of the parents to keep the tradition of marriage going (Fortes, 2008).The Ashanti are passionate about a public figure of arts, such as pottery and weaving. These skills are in general taught to daughters of the tribe by their mother. Conversely, young boys are required to learn a skill from their father. Boys are the only children to go to school, and this privilege has to be paid for by their genetic father.Finally, the Ashanti have a number of spiritual beliefs. Plants, animals and trees have souls. The Ashanti also believe in the existence of fairies and wi tches. There are also a number of gods that are worshipped by the tribe, some of which overlook events such as marriages and funerals, and the Nyame is the Supreme Being worshipped by the Ashanti (Fortes, 1948).The Amahuaca are a tribe that support in the Amazon, geographically located within Peru. The Amahuaca live in family housing, and families which are related in a patrilineal manner will make up one hamlet. Succession to the leadership of the hamlet is also patrilineal in nature, with this individual always being male and having the power to order tasks to be completed for the benefit of the village. There is generally no hostility within the clan, and non-conformity is generally accepted (Dole, 1979). The Amahuaca often view those who speak a different language (and are therefore part of what is known as nawa).Marriages are usually organised when the child is born, and it is common to marry together cousins

Team Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Team Communication - Essay ExampleThus, members must be able to use both written and verbal dialogue patterns to their full advantages.The same communication media could likewise be utilized for offshore teams. Aside from those that were mentioned, team members across different countries should frequently correspond through unsettled phones, sending relevant documents through facsimile, Skype, video conferencing, or other more advanced technological applications. Whatever technological advances in communication resources that are as well available in both countries could assist in enhancing the communication process.However, there are challenges in addressing barriers of communication across offshore teams in terms of wording and ethnical barriers. Thus, aside from ensuring that members of offshore teams share similar understanding of the universal language, English, for instance both parties must have some knowledge on addressing cultural disparities, especially with regards to business practices. As aptly recommended by All (2011), team members with limited proficiency may be more comfortable communicating in writing, as they can make use of online translation services (p. 1). Likewise, the members of offshore teams must be able to respect local times in their various(prenominal) time zones and should expect correspondences to be answered in the earlist possible and accessible time frame.All, A. (2011, April 21). More Tips on Communicating with Offshore Teams. Retrieved from IT Business Edge

Early Childhood Ed. Observation Assignment Essay

Early Childhood Ed. Observation Assignment - Essay ExampleDepending on the group and the individual child the teacher needs to ingest a good learning environment applying the prerequisite skills to harness and enhance the abilities of the children. This paper looks at the different activities and behaviors that have been detect in one of the concentrates and critically analyses what the center needs to improve or change in order to develop their children better.This paper uses the Merchantile Kindacare facility in Boston where at that place I observed children from the age of 3 to five years for three hours from 10am to 1pm on Tuesday. I had to go to the staffroom and observe the childrens timetables where I found that the children had a similar program for most parts of the week except for Friday where they had to rest and get off the center early. The facility is located in a serene environment where there are few noises that come out of the neighboring areas. The center has m ade sure that industries and other forms of facilities that may cause disturbance are far away(predicate) from the area (Otto, 2014). The center has also equipped their classrooms with sound proof equipments that are meant to shield the classroom from any form of noises from the outside environment.There are build blocks and also dressing up clothes that are evident in the vie ground and the interactions that the children are able to form. They look confident when handling these forms of playing tools and are fascinated by the colors. The building blocks are especially popular with the kids with each child wishing to make their cause castle and mimic their own homes through the use of the blocks. The dramatic plays that are directed by the teachers are also very popular with the children as they are looking to be the topper at the plays (Koralek, 2003). There are also a lot of games that the children are engaged in looking to be competitive and match the wits of their peers. The materials that the center is using are well organized with the setting

Behavioral, Cognitive, and Constructivist Theories of Learning Essay

Behavioral, Cognitive, and Constructivist Theories of Learning - Essay ExampleLearning has always played an important role in the lives of human beings. It is only because of larn that human kind is able to enter the recent boosting of technological development. For training, human kind has always developed certain methodologies and learning theories that can be employed for successful learning. The learning theories that are quite well known are behaviorism, constructivism and cognitivism. Learning can be assessed by the duty period of a soulfulness, which is considered by all the above mentioned theories. The learning theories of behaviorism, constructivism and cognitivism regard knowledge as acquirable and identify various ways with the help of which, a person is able to learn in this world. This paper takes into consideration the critical features of behavioral, constructivist and cognitive theories of learning.According to the learning theory of behaviorism, the knowledge that a person keeps or attains by means of experience or rationality can be assessed by means of change of behavior (Gredler, 2005). When a person attains knowledge, his/her behavior changes with the acquisition of knowledge. The behaviorism philosophy can be defined as a philosophy that deals with the transformation of behavior as an indication of learning (Vaill, 1996). Therefore, in behaviorism learning theory deals with the transformation of behavior of an individual as a sign of his/her learning. Learning theory of behaviorism regards learning as wholly external.The behaviorist theory of teaching is more concerned to theoretical knowledge and the teacher divides the learning tasks into chunks and then instructs the students to learn the divided tasks one by one (Vaill, 1996). The teachers skills are necessary in terms of direct teaching in the behaviorist theory. The students are not only taught but they are also asked to do practice that

Globalisation , the World Economy and MNEs Essay - 3

Globalisation , the World Economy and MNEs - Essay ExampleWith increased competition, changing customers and ever changing technology, the fundamental part of RIMs strategy was to expand the global reach of the Blackberry (Gillete et. al. 2013). RIM had the following options for expansionRIM needed to advertise increase its core R&D activities. RIM already had a very successful local hiring strategy in place for this. Continuing with the selfsame(prenominal) and increasing the magnitude would have fit with its existing approach and was in any case less risky. However, in order to be a global player, it had to look for genius worldwide. Having the same source supplier for new talent would have its limitations. One way was to expand Co-op programs at Waterloo to other universities and to hire more aggressively. The mystify between Waterloo and RIM was loyal and reiterating the same loyalty with the other universities could yield desired results. Like other players in the industry RIM posted farm out openings online but with huge job applications mapping a right candidate to the right team was a tough job. Also, the competitors had a better hiring and on boarding process. RIM lacked a formal system of managing candidates. It needed to come up with an advanced system such as Global Scouting Platform of Microsoft to dumbfound the best talent worldwide.RIM had started expanding R&D and development centers at various locations and had the option to add more locations. However, the locations had to be strategic and the cost of resources had also to be taken into account. While expanding RIM had certain selection criteria while choosing new product and development sites such as having talented individuals, universities with strong skillful programs and preferred base of software and hardware companies. However, the decentralization could lead to increased bureaucracy and add to management costs of the company.In past RIM had make some acquisitions which were

What can we get on the web on our mobiles Is it worth having Essay

What can we snuff it on the web on our mobiles Is it worth having - Essay ExampleThis paper volition look closely at mobile ph nonpareils and profit as two aspects of modern engineering science. It will look into how these two technologies have changed the way we interact with one another in brio. The growth in engineering science has revolutionized not only the way we live but in also the way we distribute. Mobile phones and internet have been one of the leading devices that have revolutionized confabulation technology. Communication technology has been the backbone of the current revolution in the way we live. Information and communication technology have contributed in a great way to the wave of globalization that has changed the way we interact in the world. The concept of globalization has reduced the world to a global village. In its simple definition, globalization can be simply said as reduction of distance between different parts of the world. This essence that one c an easily get in touch with someone in another continent same as once can get in touch with someone in the neighborhood. This has been a great achievement in life since it has affected the way people interact.As we have seen, information and communication technology have been in the forefront in enabling globalization to take root in the world. Both have enabled people to interact and communicate with one another in a much simpler way than ever before. There have been some aspects of information and communication technology that have been the or so influential. ... Both are recent technology in life and they are very influential in the way we talk and communicate with one another. by from their initial intention of providing communication and information to people, development in technology have enabled them to be used for many other purposes in normal life and in business world. Mobile phone and internet industry in one of the rapidly growing technologies in modern life. The indu stry has been driven by increased use of the two technologies in life. The industry has grown in all part of the world unlike other industries which records growth only in some geographical regions where they are relevant. This means that there has been increased use of the technology in all parts of the world.Let us look at what we can get from each of the technology and evaluate how relevant is what we get from each. This will help us to dig deep in each technology and understand how it functions and how important it is to the concept of information and communication technology.Mobile phonesMobile phone can be defined as a small and movable communication device the is used by people to make phone calls in any place they are. Mobile phones receive and gives out signals with are provided done a service providers transmitting satellites. Mobile phones have enabled people to communicate in any location they are in without limitation of time and regions. The primary concept of mobil e phones is transmitting of signals. It uses radio wave theories similarly as they are used by ordinary radios. However, mobile phones uses stronger frequencies and are higher compared to those of the general radios. Mobile phone technology started in the mid twenties and the first mobile phone service was used in Sweden used

International Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Politics - Essay ExampleTo this the constructivists argue that customs, burnish and ideas principally determine the awareness of the world that we live in. The distinctiveness and welfare of a state can be molded by ideas and this serves to have to a greater extent or less lasting effects on international relations. Conflicts emerge from fundamental and controlling outcomes of standards and shared hopes, distinctiveness, culture and social processes (Baylis & Smith, 2005).The nonion of liberalism maintains that in companionship to determine the behavior of the state, it is important to consider the states preferences, and does not accept the capabilities of the state for these purposes, which differ from one state to another. They are mainly subject on the culture, economic system and the type of the government in each state. (International relations).Proponents of the dependency theory assert that all the third world countries are not poverty stricken. In the past , these countries had been rich, but they the colonial regime exploited and impoverished them. The powerful first-world nations compelled the third world countries to integrate into the mainstream of the world economy, which rendered their economy subservient to the unsatiated needs of the colonial regimes of the first-world nations. These countries were unable to satisfy the needs of their society, due to the compulsions of their colonial masters. The wealthy and industrially developed countries dominated the global economy, and were never exploited by colonialism. (The IR Theory Knowledge Base).Functionalism deals with the functionality of organizations in terms of their purposes and tasks. Most international organizations were developed to address several problems, purposes, tasks and demands. Therefore, theorists argue that the growth of these organizations was mainly based on their responsibility to sort out these issues that could arise from time to time. The neo functionali sm

Discussion and Participation Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Discussion and Participation Questions - Essay Example1). Concurrently, it is worth mentioning that there are flipper identified elements that are crucial in all inhering mark system to ensure effective and efficient implementation control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, and monitoring (Kansas State University par. 4). Given these theoretical frameworks, organizations that experience significant changes in terms of growth through diversification, expansion (in products or markets) or accomplishment need considerable and appropriate changes in internal control systems that would cater to the transformations made. For example, in a small rural bank which started with only one branch, the internal control system set in place should conform to the come in and quality of resources and corporate information that need to be safeguarded. A limited amount of physical control measures are introduced such as locked key-card access and locks so that there is no theft of valuables. Several organizations have policies which require supervision of any person who enters a bank vault (Bhattacharyya par. 7). ... In this regard, the internal control system of an expanding bank should be adjusted and adapted to the needs of its expansion by addressing more clientele, more resources, and thus, more safeguards are necessary to prevent theft, fraud, negligence, and wastage, as intended. In some examples provided by the Federal Bank of San Francisco, some components of a serious internal control framework include the following guidelines (1) safeguard access to physical and electronic assets and records (2) ensure adequate segregation and rotation of duties (3) identify, monitor and derogate conflicts of interest (4) establish and enforce authority and risk limits (5) maintain appropriate staffing levels and expertise and (5) conducting ongoing monitoring (Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco 2-3). Large commercial banks there fore require more intricate and complicated but comprehensive internal control systems that would ensure safeguarding the resources of the banks and those of their growing number of clientele on an ongoing process. whole kit and boodle Cited Bhattacharyya, Madhurjya. Objectives of Internal Control. 8 July 2010. 15 December 2011 . Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. Intternall Conttrols and Operational Risk Remain on Our Radar imbue. On the Radar Screen November 2004 2-3. Kansas State University. Internal Controls. 30 June 2003. 15 December 2011 . Discussion Question 2 Describe a common fraud scheme for investments. Explain the controls that whitethorn be put in place to prevent the fraud. A common fraud scheme for investment was disclosed in the official website of the Federal place of Investigation (FBI) that circulated in

Lee Cantor's Assertive Discipline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

lee side Cantors Assertive playing field - Essay Examplebehavioural modification plans and offers a systematic approach to the reinforcement of appropriate student behavior, encouraging teachers to catch the student being good and implement a enlarge systematic plan for the use of mild punishers for wrong behaviors (Canter 1989). The system was designed in response to the widespread need for greater classroom management skills. By 1991 about 750,000 teachers had been trained to use Assertive Discipline. However, the popularity of the discipline was mostly built on good marketing rather than on profound research. This fact has been repeatedly underlined by the scholars, who argued that Assertive Discipline and its impact on students should be examined on a wider territory and a variety of settings in a longitudinal study. though the discipline has received many appraise, it has also met much critical argumentation about the appropriateness of the operant procedures in the modern hu manistic education system. However, as Evans et al. suggested, strong criticism was mostly the result of a long-lasting argument between humanism and behaviorism and this argumentation can go forever (p.13). This newspaper examines researches having been done on Assertive Discipline. We will see where the program has been implemented and whether it has been effective in a variety of settings.Assertive discipline got much praise. Lee Canter (1989) enumerates the dissertations, masters theses and research projects dealing with Assertive Discipline. The results revealed that teachers dramatically improved student behavior when they used Assertive Discipline approach. Assertive Discipline helps to reduce the frequency of disruptive behavior in the classroom, greatly reduce the number of students referred to administrators, increase students time-on task. The teachers implementing Assertive Discipline were evaluated as more effective in classroom management. Research carried out in scho ol districts in Oregon, California, Ohio and Arizona

E-commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

E-commerce - Essay ExampleWhen utilized properly, it allows companies and organizations to enhance their profitability, move into new markets and also provide the consumers with bust services and products. It is due to the advantages of the practice that several enterprises, both small and large, continue to incorporate it into their operations and procedures. By 2005, the e-business revenue exceeded $2 trillion (Laudon & Guercio 2014). This is a unafraid signal that additional businesses are becoming aware of the opportunities that are available and exploiting them for their own benefits and that of the customers. Some of the brick and motor enterprises which had only physical presence have unyielding to embrace it to realize the benefits of the innovation (Chaudhury & Kuilboer 2002). It is, however, important to remember that for a brick and motor business to embrace and benefit from e-commerce, it must be ready to counter rough of the challenges inherent in the practice. With the right approach, positive outcomes will be realized both in the short term and long term.E-commerce can be outlined as a business that is transacted electronically. In most instances, the internet is used (Frieden & Roche 2006). Majority of people take e-commerce to be only about buying commodities everyplace the web. However, it is much more than this. The practice includes purchasing various items from online sellers, online banking services and paying for travel services and accommodation. The basic idea is that there is minimal or no physical contact between the seller and the buyer of the commodity (Graham 2008). This is unlike the brick and motor business model, which requires the buyer to come to the physical location of the commodities and products and buy them or pay for them.Brick and motor businesses rely on traditional selling platforms (Humeau & Jung 2013). This is the same model that banishment Books has been using. For a customer to transact any business with Cov entry

Customer Service Concepts Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Customer Service Concepts - Assignment ExampleA bank needs to ensure that it has an efficient and effective direction precaution system in which customer complaints are dealt with least possible delays and the solution is satisfactory for the customer (Junarso, 2006). In order to create an effective and efficient complaint management system, banks should have online complaint registration systems so the customers can instantly launch their complaints. Once the complaint is received, the complaint manager should forward it to the relevant department and the relevant department should crystallise the issue as soon as complaint is received. The banks need to hold a history of all the complaints and solutions for those complaints so in next if similar complaints arise, they are sorted out immediately. HEAT (Hear, Empathize, Apologize and Take Ownership)Customer satisfaction can be attained if the concept of HEAT is apply by organizations much(prenominal) as banks. Hear them out is the first step in which the employee listens to the issues of the customer and does not retaliate even if the customer looses his/her temper. While receiving complaints, banking staff should ensure that they quiet listen to all the issues experienced by the customer before sufficeing (Zemke, 1999, p.291). Once the employee has clearly heard the issues experienced by the customer, the employee needs to respond to the customer in an empathetic manner and inform them that the problem experienced by the customer is well understood.... fective complaint management system in which customer complaints are dealt with least possible delays and the solution is satisfactory for the customer (Junarso, 2006). In order to create an effective and efficient complaint management system, banks should have online complaint registration systems so the customers can instantly launch their complaints. Once the complaint is received, the complaint manager should forward it to the relevant department and the relevant department should correct the issue as soon as complaint is received. The banks need to hold a history of all the complaints and solutions for those complaints so in future if similar complaints arise, they are sorted out immediately. HEAT (Hear, Empathize, Apologize and Take Ownership) Customer satisfaction can be attained if the concept of HEAT is applied by organizations such as banks. Hear them out is the first step in which the employee listens to the issues of the customer and does not retaliate even if the customer looses his/her temper. While receiving complaints, banking staff should ensure that they quietly listen to all the issues experienced by the customer before responding (Zemke, 1999, p.291). Once the employee has clearly heard the issues experienced by the customer, the employee needs to respond to the customer in an empathetic manner and inform them that the problem experienced by the customer is well understood. A banking employee needs to be awa re of how a customer feels when he/she experiences an issue. Next the banking customer needs to respond in a very apologetic manner and apologize from the customer for all the issues caused. A simple justification can change the entire attitude of the customer. Once the problem has been well heard by a banking employee, he needs to make the customer

Shell Oil Company and the Technology Management Issues That It Faces Research Proposal

Shell Oil Company and the Technology Management Issues That It Faces - Research Proposal vitrineThis report stresses that Shell uses a wide variety of technologies to deliver hydrocarbon fuels that are essential for all types of transport systems on which humanity has come to depend upon so heavily. The unquenchable thirst for hydrocarbon fuels has today forced oil firms to produce in deep oceans, but it makes sense to turn in to develop radically new systems, oddly for transport. After all, hydrocarbon fuels are responsible for climate change and environmental degradation that idlernot be sustained. Thus, radical new ideas are needed for new transport systems. However, the place of technology on which Shell depends is so vast that it is impossible for this company to assist in developing everything. Immediate benefits are possible from technology improvements in areas that are of interest to Shell production and operation, but being an energy company with a transport focus Shel l is likely to benefit from anything that can reshape energy systems for transport.This paper makes a conclusion that Shell can cover up to identify and develop the best and most promising, but it should also feat to invest in the long-term future of humankind. Energy, the environment and climate are the long-term future because with the best of the previously mentioned, it will be difficult to continue to have a secure future. Multinationals must now try to look beyond the immediate future and their short-term profits. Attempts have to be made to try to develop solutions for the long term and efforts cannot remain confined to government or the public sector only.

Gender Differences in Mathematics Essay Example for Free

Gender Differences in Mathematics EssayThroughout the first one-half of the 20th century and into the second, women studying or working in engineering were popularly perceived as oddities at best, outcasts at worst, defying traditional gender norms. effeminate engineers fabricated systems of social, psychological, and financial mutual support, through such strategies, conditions for female engineers changed noticeably over just a few decades, although many challenges remain. Engineering education in the fall in States has had a gendered history, one that until relatively upstartly prevented women from finding a place in the predominantly male technical world. For decades, Americans treated the professional study of engineering as mens territory. At places where engineerings macho culture had become most ingrained, talk of women engineers seemed ridiculous (Sax, 2005). For years its been assumed that young women avoid c areers in mathematics-based fields, like engineering and physics, because they lack confidence in their math skills. scarcely a new study finds that its not a lack of confidence in their math skills that drives girls from those fields its a desire to work in bulk-oriented professions.It has been found that young women who are strong in math tend to seek careers in the biologic sciences. They value working with and for people, they dont perceive engineering as a profession that meets that need. The environment at many tech schools is hostile toward helping students achieve a degree and is more than geared toward weeding out those who are struggling. Its difficult to come up with alternative engineering solutions if everybody in the room looks alike.Thats the initial reason why automakers and suppliers are busy trying to identify and hire minority and women engineers. The business case is that if more than half of an automakers customers are either female and/or people of color, which they are, then those groups need to be represented in every sector of the company. One of the most important areas for automakers to render a range of views is in produce development. With that diversity mission in mind, DaimlerChrysler Corp. , Ford Motor Co. and General Motors Corp., all have mounted aggressive programs to identify and hire minority and women engineers. At GM the story is the same. To attract minority and women engineers, the automaker proclaims that innovation comes from the people who see the world in a different way than everyone else. One women and minorities enter into the automotive engineering ranks, they need to be challenged and encouraged to develop their careers or theyll be gone (Sax, 2005). Its not just the Big Three that are working to create a more diverse engineering workforce.Suppliers and engineering support organizations such as the Society of Automotive Engineers are trying to draw more women and minorities into the profession. face up with chronically small percentages of minorities and wom en in virtually every segment of engineering, companies are going to great lengths to attract them to the world of automotive engineering. Harvard President Lawrence Summers ignited a firestorm recently when he suggested more men than women are scientists because of differences between males and females in intrinsic aptitude. Many scientists-both men and women-expressed outrage at Summers remarks and doomed any lag in math among girls mainly on discrimination and socialization (Dean, 2006). They point out that girls have closed the gap in amount scores on most standardized math tests in elementary and high school. Today women constitute almost half of college math majors and more than half of biology majors. But Summers supporters say he courageously raised a legitimate question for scientific inquiry.Indeed, in recent years some researchers have been pursuing a scientific explanation for the discrepancies in math and science aptitude and achievement among boys and girls and have found differences, including biologic ones. Summers suggestion that women are biologically inferior in math infuriated many female scientists. Some asserted that the other cardinal factors he mentioned were far more important in keeping women out of science sex discrimination and the way girls are taught to view math as male territory.Some differences are well established. Girls do better on tests of content learned in class and score much higher on reading and writing tests than boys. Boys score higher on standardized tests with math and science problems not directly tied to their school curriculum. On tests of spatial awareness, boys do better on tests that involve navigation through space. Girls are better at remembering objects and landmarks. Studies show differences in brain structure and hormonal levels that take care to influence spatial reasoning.But the implications of these differences for real world math and science achievement remain unclear. There is evidence that m ale and female brains differ anatomically is subtle ways, but no one knows how these anatomical differences relate to cognitive performance, (Dean, 2006). At the heart of the current controversy is a societal implication-that the failure of an knowledgeableness like Harvard to tenure even one woman mathematician can be blamed on the lack of top-flight women mathematicians, which in turn can be blamed on too-few top female minds in math.As evidence of intrinsic aptitude differences, Summers pointed out that more boys than girls receive top scores on standardized math tests. Today girls receive better grades than boys in math and science through high school, have closed the gap on honest scores on most standardized math tests and take more advantage high school classes than boys in almost every category that physics and high-level calculus. In college they constitute nearly half the math majors and more than half the biology majors.Indeed, today a growing bit of researchers conten d boys are the ones who are shortchanged-judging by the larger proportion of boys in special-education classes and the declining proportion attending college. Women now make up 56 percent of students enrolled in college by 2012, the Department of Education projects they will account for about 60 percent of bachelors degrees (2002). The fact that more boys than girls make top scores on standardized math tests is often invoked as evidence that boys possess an innate superiority in high-level math.Experts on both sides of the divide add gender differences are real, even if they disagree bout how much is socially learned and how much biologically based. Girls do better on writing and on algebra problems, probably because algebraic equations are similar to sentences, and girls excel in language processing. Boys are better at mathematical word problems girls are better at mathematical calculation. Boys and girls also differ on spatial skills, and experts are divided over how innate or im portant these differences are.A recent study of the polish Record Exam, for instance, found men did better on math problems where a spatially based solution was an advantage (Gallagher, Kaufman, 2005). Sex hormones have been shown in several(prenominal) studies to affect the ability to envision an object rotating in space. Females who take male hormones to prepare for a sex-change operation improve on tests of 3-D rotation and get worse on tests of verbal fluency, at which women typically excel.During their menstrual cycle, women do better on 3-D rotation when levels of the female hormone estrogen are low they do better on verbal fluency when estrogen levels are high. If science be taught directly with a hands-on, inquiry-based approach, it sustains girls pursuit in science. Girls like to work in cooperative teams, a lot of science was taught in a competitive mode. Women scientists also earn less than men. But its only fair that women who work fewer hours face the economic conseq uences of lower salaries and less status. References Dean, Cornelia. (2006).Dismissing Sexist Opinions About Womens Place in scholarship. A Conversation with Ben A. Barres. The New York Times. July 18, 2006, pp. 1-5. Gallagher, Ann M. , Kaufman, James M. (2005). Gender Differences in Mathematics An Integrative Psychological Approach. Cambridge University Press. National Center for Education Statistics, Projections of Education Statistics To 2012. (2002). Available on-line http//nces. ed. gov/pubs2002/proj. 2012/ch_2. asp.. Sax, Leonard. (2005). Too Few Women- Figure It Out. Los Angeles Times. Jan. 23, 2005.

Disease Profile Copd Essay Example for Free

Disease Profile Copd EssayPipe, cigar, and some otherwise types of tobacco smoke similarly derriere cause COPD, especi all(prenominal)y if the smoke is inhaled. Breathing in ill-used smoke, personal credit line pollution, and chemical fumes or dust from the environment or workplace excessively crumb contribute to COPD. (Secondhand smoke is smoke in the conduct from other volume smoking. ) In rare cases, a genetic condition called alpha-1 anti punctuatepsin deficiency whitethorn play a role in cavictimization COPD. People who gull this condition have disordered levels of alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT)a protein made in the liver. Having a funky level of the AAT protein can lead to lung damage and COPD if youre exposed to smoke or other lung irritants.If you have this condition and smoke, COPD can worsen very quickly. Signs and symptoms The signs and symptoms of COPD embarrass * An on-going cough or a cough that produces large amounts of mucus (often called smokers cough ) * Shortness of schnorchel, especially with physical activity * Wheezing (a whistling or squeaky thinking(a) when you breathe) * Chest tightness These symptoms often occur years before the flow of air into and out of the lungs declines. However, not everyone who has these symptoms has COPD. Likewise, not everyone who has COPD has these symptoms.some(a) of the symptoms of COPD are similar to the symptoms of other diseases and conditions. You can find out whether you have COPD. If you have COPD, you whitethorn have colds or the flu (influenza) frequently. If your COPD is severe, you may have swelling in your ankles, feet, or legs a bluish color on your lips due to a low blood oxygen level and shortness of breath. COPD symptoms usually slowly worsen everyplace time. At first, if symptoms are mild, you may not notice them, or you may adjust your lifestyle to make existent easier. For example, you may take the elevator instead of the stairs. everywhere time, symptoms may become sev ere enough to see a medico. For example, you may get short of breath during physical exertion. How severe your symptoms are depends on how more lung damage you have. If you keep smoking, the damage will occur faster than if you stop smoking. In severe COPD, you may have other symptoms, much(prenominal) as cant over loss and lower muscle endurance. Some severe symptoms may require comprehendment in a hospital. Youwith the help of family members or friends, if youre unableshould seek requisite care if * Youre having a hard time catching your breath or talking. * Your lips or fingernails turn blue or gray. This is a sign of a low oxygen level in your blood. ) * Youre not mentally alert. * Your heartbeat is very fast. * The recommended treatment for symptoms that are get worse isnt working. Diagnostic Procedures Your doctor will distinguish COPD based on your signs and symptoms, your family and medical histories, and test results. He or she may ask whether you smoke or have had contact with lung irritants, such as secondhand smoke, air pollution, chemical fumes, or dust. If you have an ongoing cough, your doctor may ask how long youve had it, how much you cough, and how much mucus comes up when you cough.He or she also may ask whether you have a family history of COPD. Your doctor will examine you and use a stethoscope to listen for wheezing or other abnormal breast sounds. You also may need one or more tests to diagnose COPD. Lung Function Test Lung function tests measure how much air you can breathe in and out, how fast you can breathe air out, and how well your lungs deliver oxygen to your blood. The main test for COPD is spirometry. Other lung function tests, such as a lung diffusion capacity test, also may be used. Spirometry During this painless test, a technician will ask you to take a deep breath in.Then, youll blow as hard as you can into a thermionic tube connected to a small machine. The machine is called a spirometer. The machine measures h ow much air you breathe out. It also measures how fast you can blow air out. Your doctor may have you inhale medicine that helps open your airways and then blow into the tube again. He or she can then compare your test results before and after taking the medicine. Spirometry can detect COPD long before its symptoms appear. Doctors also may use the results from this test to find out how severe your COPD is and to help set your treatment goals.The test results also may help find out whether another(prenominal) condition, such as asthma or heart failure, is ca victimisation your symptoms. Other Tests Your doctor may recommend other tests, such as * A chest x ray or chest CT scan. These tests create pictures of the structures inside your chest, such as your heart, lungs, and blood vessels. The pictures can maneuver signs of COPD. They also may show whether another condition, such as heart failure, is causing your symptoms. * An arterial blood gas test. This blood test measures the oxyg en level in your blood using a sample of blood taken from an artery.The test can help find out how severe your COPD is and whether you may need oxygen therapy. Treatment checkup/Nursing COPD has no cure yet. However, treatments and lifestyle changes can help you disembodied spirit better, stay more energetic, and slow the progress of the disease. Quitting smoking is the most important timber you can take to treat COPD. Talk with your doctor about classs and products that can help you quit. Other treatments for COPD may include medicines, vaccines, pulmonary rehabilitation (rehab), oxygen therapy, and surgery. Your doctor also may recommend tips for managing COPD complications.The goals of COPD treatment include * Relieving your symptoms * Slowing the progress of the disease * Improving your exercise tolerance (your ability to stay active) * Preventing and treating complications * Improving your overall health Specialists Involved To assist with your treatment, your family do ctor may advise you to see a pulmonologist. This is a doctor who specializes in treating people who have lung disorders. Medicines Bronchodilators Bronchodilators relax the muscles around your airways. This helps open your airways and makes breathing easier.Depending on how severe your disease is, your doctor may prescribe short-acting or long-acting bronchodilators. Short-acting bronchodilators last about 4 to 6 hours and should be used only when needed. Long-acting bronchodilators last about 12 hours or more and are used every day. Most bronchodilators are taken using a device called an inhaler. This device allows the medicine to go right to your lungs. Not all inhalers are used the same way. Ask your health care aggroup to show you the correct way to use your inhaler. If your COPD is mild, your doctor may only prescribe a short-acting inhaled bronchodilator.In this case, you may only use the medicine when symptoms occur. If your COPD is oblige or severe, your doctor may prescr ibe regular treatment with short- and long-acting bronchodilators. Inhaled Glucocorticosteroids (Steroids) Inhaled steroids are used to treat people whose COPD symptoms flare up or worsen. These medicines may reduce airway inflammation. Your doctor may ask you to try inhaled steroids for a trial period of 6 weeks to 3 months to see whether the medicine helps relieve your breathing problems. Vaccines Flu Shots The flu (influenza) can cause serious problems for people who have COPD.Flu shots can reduce your risk of the flu. Talk with your doctor about getting a yearly flu shot. Pneumococcal Vaccine This vaccine lowers your risk of pneumococcal pneumonia (nu-MO-ne-ah) and its complications. People who have COPD are at higher risk of pneumonia than people who dont have COPD. Talk with your doctor about whether you should get this vaccine. Pulmonary refilling Pulmonary rehabilitation, or rehab, is a medically supervised program that helps improve the health and well-being of people who have lung problems.Rehab may include an exercise program, disease management training, and nutritional and psychological counseling. The programs goal is to help you stay more active and carry out your daily activities. Your rehab team may include doctors, nurses, physical therapists, respiratory therapists, exercise specialists, and dietitians. These health professionals work together and with you to create a program that meets your needs. Oxygen Therapy If you have severe COPD and low levels of oxygen in your blood, oxygen therapy can help you breathe better. For this treatment, youre given oxygen through nasal prongs or a mask.You may need spear carrier oxygen all the time or just sometimes. For some people who have severe COPD, using extra oxygen for most of the day can help them * Do tasks or activities, while having fewer symptoms * Protect their hearts and other organs from damage * pause more during the night and improve alertness during the day * Live longer Prognosis COPD , or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is a disease of the lungs that develops over many years and gradually gets worse with time. When you have COPD your airways become persistently blocked, which can eventually make breathing difficult.More than 12 million Americans have been diagnosed with it, and another 12 million might have COPD without knowing it. COPD encompasses two diseases commonly caused by smoking emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Its the fourth leadership cause of death in the U. S. But while COPD cant be cured, there are steps you can take to improve symptoms, prevent complications such as pneumonia, and improve your quality of life. Just like people living with heart disease, people with COPD can make changes to their lifestyle to vastly improve how they feel and function each day.Here are five important measures to discuss with your doctor 1. Stop Smoking Cigarette smoking is the most significant terra firma that people develop COPD. While kicking the habit w ont return your lungs to normal condition, it will delay progression of symptoms because the rate of decline of lung function returns to that of nonsmokers. In susceptible people, smoking accelerates the lung function decline of aging. Your lungs will age faster, and if you stop smoking, you go back to normal aging, says Gail Weinmann, MD, deputy director for the Division of Lung Diseases at the bailiwick Heart, Lung and Blood Institute.Its also a good idea to avoid crowds during flu season. Because COPD leaves a person more prone to pneumonia, patients also should talk to their doctors about also getting the pneumococcal vaccine, Weinmann says. 4. Seek Regular Medical Care and Take Medications as Directed Your doctor can prescribe drugs, such as bronchodilators and corticosteroids, to treat your symptoms. Bronchodilators, which are usually delivered through an inhaler, relax muscles around your airways. This, in turn, opens them up and eases breathing. Inhaled corticosteroids figh t inflammation in the airways.Patients with COPD frequently have other health problems, too, such as heart disease, vascular diseases, gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), and type 2 diabetes, Weinmann says. People with COPD are likely to have other diseases, and its important that they treat all of their diseases. In fact, heart disease and COPD share overlapping symptoms, which can lead people to mistakenly attribute heart disease to lung disease. According to Weinmann, these shared symptoms include shortness of breath, including breathlessness when exercising or waking up at night, and sometimes a sensation of chest tightness. 5.Consider a Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program and Learn to Exercise Your doctor may suggest a pulmonary rehabilitation program. Such programs wont actually improve lung function, but they can help people with COPD to stay more active and independent. Youll learn exercises to strengthen your arms and legs, as well as exercises that aim to strengthen muscles for breathing. Pulmonary rehab includes a variety of exercises for the lower and upper extremities, as well as breathing techniques and counseling, Weinmann says. Some patients feel reluctant to join a pulmonary rehab program, but Weinmann encourages them to try it. Once the lung is damaged, it doesnt really ever repair itself, so its very important that individuals stay in good shape in every way that they can. Its very common for patients with COPD to become deconditioned. Its hard for them to breathe, so the tendency is to not do anything at all. Reconditioning their muscles and their heart can make them feel a lot better. Some patients feel that they have greatly benefited from it rehab, she adds. It has improved their quality of life and their exercise ability. You have to keep at it. Its not something that you can do once.

Primary Commodity Exports and Civil War Essay Example for Free

Primary Commodity Exports and Civil War EssayFearons study particularly pertains to the evaluation on which particular countries are very prone to undergoing situations such as civil wars. In this article, he along with his co-researchers found out certain elements that contribute to the increase of threat towards the possibility of a country undergoing a civil effusion. According to the said researchers, the most important issues that needs consideration on this part of the situation is the emergence of countries that are multiform in primary commodity export appointments in the field of international trade. Apparently, it is in this article that poverty has been noted to be a reactive provide of several globalization approaches which too brings about the possibility of social chaos giving way to civil war. The bridge that was supposed to keep nations together by means of globalization is now serving as the strongest reason of gap between people around the world and even within countries. The widening gap is also producing serious consequences for the richer nations. This is because of their growing dependence on the raw materials of the nations of the Third World. But now these nations have changed their attitudes about how their resources will be used, and paid for. An example of this was the save taken by the oil-producing underdeveloped nations, sending shock waves by means ofout the industrial lands. For many decades, the poorer oil-producing nations had to sell their oil at a relatively cheap price. Recently, these nations bind together and agreed to quadruple their prices. The poor nations have laid down a clear challenge to the rich nations. They will no longer passively accept what the industrial nations have assumed for more than two centuries.That assumption was that there would always be cheap raw materials available from the poor nations. No longer is this the case. However, the dilemma of the poor nations is that most of them are no t blessed with abundant raw materials. Most of them lack abundant mineral and oil resources. They are largely agricultural lands, and in bad years, they have nothing to fall back on to sell to other nations. Therefore, they will not have the bullion to buy the food and other things they need to help them in bad years. That is just what is happening now to various countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America.The main mood of studying the way people live in the society is to see how far they have fared in making their way to progress. However, contrary to the aimed unified progress, victimisation is usually shifted only to the haves. Yes, the world may be seemingly unfair, equality may even seem too impossible to be achieved, but through a unified effort, having an equal community could still be worked upon by the entire human civilization something that is most needed to avoid possible outburst of civil war. Bibliography Fearon, James. Primary Commodity Exports and Civil War. Journ al of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 49, No. 4, 483-507 (2005).

Report on the need for Inter Professional Collaboration

Report on the take up for Inter Professional CollaborationThe following report go out consist of two parts. Part single will firstly define, and so address some of the issues that adopt highlighted the need for inter- sea captain coactionism. Secondly it will look at some of the policy initiatives that advocate inter-professional collaboration and attempt to identify opportunities and wellbeings, whilst also examining some of the difficulties, barriers and challenges to efficacious cooperative working, between twain professionals and e.g. professionals and divine service-users.Finally, part two of the report will attempt to illustrate my own(prenominal) take in of collaboration in the form of a three reflections based on judicial decision, implementing and scholarship experiences on placement. Critically analysing the skills used in working collaboratively with a client and the multi-disciplinary group (MDT), in spite of appearance the context of mental wellness sh ell out. It should be noted therefore that the label of all individuals within this part of the assignment will be fictionalised in order to protect their confidentiality, in accordance with the Nursing Midwifery Council (NMC 2008) Code of Conduct guidelines. The reflections will be based in Gibbs 1988 type of reflection.Part 1 Definition of collaborationThe literal translation of collaboration from the Latin is together in labour, whilst the dictionary definition of to collaborate is to work with some other(a) or others on a project (Chambers 1999). and, Clifford (2000) in re-iterating Henneman et als. (1995) earlier argument stated that, in give, the wreak of defining collaboration remained a complex, sophisticated, vague and super variable phenomenon (pp103). This often resulted in the term being used in getly, as issues relating to collaboration were (and still argon) referred to using a cooking stove of terms, all intended to evince broadly analogous processes e.g. groupwork, co-operation, inter/multidisciplinary, multi-agency, intersectional and inter-professional, although, Barrett et al. (2005) concluded that In send these refer to similar ideas of collaborative effort, even if the composition of the squad(s) or group(s) varies.Hall Weaver (2001) stated that inter-agency partnerships ar seduced at a formal organisational level when two or more agencies accord to work together to share learning or to conjointly plan service, whilst multi/inter-professional collaboration involves two or more people from different professions communicating cooperatively to achieve a common goal, passing the client to the neighboring practiti whizzr in a chain of burster.They also stressed the immensity of co-ordination in inter-professional working in order to ensure that for each one professionals effort is acted upon and that each practitioner is awake of what the others are doing.The move towards interagency collaboration began with the shift in emphasis from institutional to community-based dole out, when it was tangle that the demarcations and hierarchical social intercourses between professions were neither digestable nor appropriate (Barr et al. 1999 Sibbald, 2000).New ways of working that crossed professional boundaries, had to be found, in order to allow a more flexible approach to negociate deli actually (Malin et al., 2002), the promotion of inter-professional working in the deli truly of wellness cover has long been regarded by practitioners as of great importance, in providing a better quality of service, as highlighted by e.g. the NMC (2008) and in UK government policy over the last two decades, at least. However Whitehead (2000), also highlighted the fact that one example of team working that was surprisingly neglected in the nursing literature of the time, was the partnership between client and sustain, which she argued should be regarded as part of the collaborative framework as well as in a team con text.However, this factor was not ignored by the NMC who in the Code of Conduct confuse consistently contract that nurses should not only work with their peers, moreover also with other professionals and importantly with clients in developing their care-package (2008). Similarly, as indicated, the DOH (1999) with the up-date of the CPA via Effective Care-coordination (ECC) specified the need for all service succeedrs, including all members of MDTs, too work with their clients, highlighting the belief that such collaboration, increased, client satisfaction and improved client choosement with their planned care package, when implementing the National Service Framework for Mental Health (NSFMH DOH 1999a) as highlighted by the Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health (SCMH) Keys to Engagement (1998a, 2002 see appendix 1 for further information).It was recognised by the government in 1997 that there was a clear boundary between health and social care, and so they called upon the NHS and local authorities to build partnerships and break down organizational barriers (DOH 1997). This was important as m whatever people had complex needs spanning both services, but found themselves receiving inadequate care due to sterile arguments virtually boundaries.Thus the government introduced incentives to shape up joint working and improve all aspects of health and social care through e.g. incorporated care/service provision (DOH 1998). Modernising Mental health Services (DOH, 1998a), set out the way in which mental health services would deliver care in the future, whilst Safe, Sound and Supportive (DOH, 1998b), emphasized the occasion of service users in the planning and the delivery of care, pass choices and promoting independence for individuals.To implement such changes in relation to mental health, the NSF for Mental Health (DOH, 1999), represented the first set of national standards for mental health, frameworks (e.g. ECC) and how these standards, based in up-to-date evidence, would be achieved for the best possible care. 1 constituent that was introduced through the NSF and ECC guidelines was that of the care-coordinator, and although the role is not attributed to both one profession. In order to be an effective co-ordinator the nurse must appreciate the roles of the other members of the MDT, and possess excellent talk skills (Bonney. in Davis OConnor 1999). Demonstrating competency in communication and collaborative working is now a prerequisite of qualifying as a nurse (DOH 2006b) and of all mental health actors (DOH 2004) as based in the SCMHs (2001) Capable PractitionerHowever, a variety of barriers to interdisciplinary working exist that prevent the developments of close collaborative relationships, Hudson (2002) draw several barriers to effective inter-professional working relating to relationships between members of different professions. These include the fact that where members of a certain profession have similar or shared valu es, perceptions and experiences, there will be more agreement between members of that profession than between members of different professions. This is partly because each discipline has very different levels of training, education and legal restrictions on their role. McCray (2002) aids this view stating that social workers, may be more concerned with achieving outcomes for service-users based on recognition of oppression and distinction in society, mental health nurses, may be focused more on psychological factors in their work with clients and psychiatrists who see the illness of the patient as their top priority. However, changes that had been proposed to implement across professional common foundation programme of training of all healthcare workers to enhance inter-disciplinary communication (NHS Plan in Lilley. 2001), have been introduced (to varying degrees) within approved educational institutions.Returning to the role of the nurse as a care-coordinator, it should be note d that s/he is not one who simply follows an established pathway but person who challenges existing practice and leads the way in developing new evidence based clinically effective care (Seaman in Smith M 1999198).However by 2015 (SCMH 2005) not only should every patient have a comprehensive, tailored care plan, they should have taken the lead in determining how they want their needs to be met according to the NHS plan (1998). As long ago as 1984 Benner considered that, nurses played an essential role in the management of care of patients and as coordinators and educators they must keep up-to-date with the latest developments in care and local and National policies, to ensure their practice conform to the standards of clinical governance and that they must be central to the MDT to ensure that the patient is the focus of that care. As the DOH (1999, 1999a) indicated they are best placed to encourage interdisciplinary working and provide a channel for communication, with characterist ics essential to a nurses role in collaborative practice.Part 2The following will provide three reflections summarising my involvement in the collaborative assessment, planning implementation of the treatment/care provided for a selected client, who will be known as Jane, within an cunning forensic inpatient psychiatric unit. Before conducting the initial assessment with Jane, under the supervision of my mentor, I was conscious of the requirements under the NSFMH ECC (DOH 1999a 1999b) guidelines that the assessment must be comprehensive in order for the MDT to develop an appropriate care package. I was also conscious that this required not only my use of effective communication skills with Jane, but also with the nursing and multidisciplinary team members (SCMH 2001, DOH 2004, 2006b). in order for the assessment data to be used as a basis for Janes initial care-plan, which would allow for further assessment data to be gathered prior to her MDT review.While Stuart (2005) stated t hat psychiatric care requires the completion of an assessment of the clients bio-psycho-social status, Barker (2003), maintain that the way in which an assessment is carried out and the methods used in the process hold in it a worthwhile exercise or largely a emaciate of time. Therefore I was conscious of the need to not only adhere to the ECC framework but also to the Best practice competencies guidelines for pre-registration mental health nurses (DOH 2006) and those of the NMC (2008).Reflective Essay 1 (Assessment)IntroductionCritical incidents are snapshots of something that happens to a patient, their family or nurse. It may be something positive, or it could be a situation where someone has suffered in some way (Alphonso, 2007). The incident to be discussed took place at my current placement a medium secure psychiatric hospital. Any names mentioned are fictitious in accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Counsel (NMC) Code of Professional Conduct (NMC, 2007).For the purpo se of this reflection I will be using The Gibbs model (1988), cited in Burns and Bulman (2000) as it gives an opportunity to produce a structured account of the discussion, and clearly shows that true reflection in practice has occurred during its research.During my management placement my mentor Alan assigned me as named nurse to a recently admitted patient (Jane), with the purpose of co-ordinating her care. I found this service user to be very difficult to engage with as she could kick the bucket extremely paranoid and believed people could read her thoughts and interfere with her mind. Therefore she was very hard to engage with and very reluctant to disclose any information, this gave me limited information regarding her background at the start of the assessment process. Jane was also presenting with challenging behaviour and could become very verbally hostile. I did find her to be challenging overall and I pursued a different method of working with her whereby I made conversati on and talked about other things not relating to her problems, to get to know her, it didnt take too long before I began to begin to build a healing(p) relationship with Jane. However when it came to undertaking the assessment Jane became quite withdrawn and guarded and did not fully engage with myself or my mentor. When we had completed the assessment and was back in the ward daylight area Jane became very hostile and began to shout at myself stating that I had stolen her thoughts and replaced them with files, Jane continued to shout and swear so staff intervened. However, we did complete the assessment but I felt disappointed that Jane did not interact well as I felt we had begun to communicate well with each other and had started to build a healing(p) relationship prior to undertaking the assessment.Using the information ascertained during the assessment and information I had gathered from Janes clinical file, I also contacted Janes social worker (Lynn) for any additional info rmation, she assured me that she would make contact with Janes family and feed back her finding at the MDT meeting. I also contacted Janes consultant and informed her that I was leading Janes care package and the plan that I had put into place in order to maximise the competency of the up and coming MDT review.conclusion.I learnt a lot from this experience, by analysing the critical situation it is plain to see how bureaucratic style was effective in handling the situation. The following of procedures by staff was effective in dealings with the possibility of further hazards and ensured the safety of the patient and nurses (Palombara, 2006).Utilising individual members of the multi- disciplinary team taught me the importance of inter disciplinary team working. The assessment, gave me the ability to gather information from Jane although the information was very limited. It would appear that an assessment of this description would not benefit from having a structured format, becaus e the patient leads as much as the nurse. The support I current from my mentor, gave me the independence to organise the assessment in my own way, and I feel proud to be able to have achieved all the relevant information disrespect the difficult situation. I was able to obtain information which gave me great satisfaction. I feel I have the ability to fulfil the role of care co-ordinator and do things independently as well as collaboratively. I learnt from taking a leadership role that I was able to, think logically and will hopefully carry this attitude forward throughout my future nursing career. I learnt for the future to expect the unexpected and handle situations as they arise. I have learnt the importance of collaboration and support/supervision is paramount for one to achieve.Reflective Essay 2 (Implementation)IntroductionThis reflection will be based on be the MDT meeting and the outcome. For the purpose of this reflection I have chosen Gibbs (1988), as the model to help g uide this process. This is an iterative model with tenia points, using these stopping points as headings I will be able to reflect fully on the incident.As indicated the NMC 2008 requires nurses to work with clients as partners, which involves identifying their preferences regarding care, and respecting these within the limits of professional practice, existing legislation, resources and goals of the therapeutic relationship. To facilitate this I had encouraged Jane to identify her needs, and to point out which were of greatest importance in her life. These were-To build a good relationship with her parentsTo get out of hospitalTo stop smokingAll information gathered from the initial assessment could now be discussed at Janes (MDT) meeting.Also in attendance was Janes consultant psychiatrist, social worker, psychologist my mentor and myself. I explained to the team that Jane had wished to attend the meeting but due to the location of the meeting, security and hospital policies this was not possible. I discussed the aforementioned to the team, along with Janes presentation over the past week.The consultant was quite happy for the nursing team to continue with their assessment work, and made no alterations to her medication regime. The social worker had managed to make contact with Janes family, she reported that Janes family have depicted that they would very much like to build up a loving and positive relationship with Jane and would be quite happy to look after her when she has been released from hospital until suitable accommodation can be found for her close to the family home.Once the meeting was completed I took the opportunity to thank the team for their support and help I also thanked my mentor for all the advise, help, guidance and support he had given to me. I felt that as a team we had developed a good package of care for Jane and also had helped to set in motion the chance for Jane to build a relationship with her family. However I was disappointe d that Jane could not attend the meeting due to risk. I did speak to my mentor regarding this and he agreed with my thoughts.On reversive to the ward, my mentor gave me the opportunity to reflect on the situation before handing over the outcome of the ward round to the on duty staff and Jane herself, it was understandable that Jane was unable to attend due to security policy, and hospital protocol and this was something that I would have to explain to Jane and make her aware of.ConclusionWriting this reflection made me aware about how members of a team can provide support and how this can help to provide a much better duty of care to service users. Communication played an important part in this learning experience. I believe that in nursing the ability to work in a team is one of the key elements. Furthermore, Sully and Dallas (2005) go on to say the reasons that enhance effective inter- professional team work is the clear goals that are set by the team to make the significant dif ferences for the patient. When the members are competent, committed and know the expected standards of excellence that also enhance inter-professional team work. police squad work between nurses and multidisciplinary team is important.Reflection 3 (learning within placement)This reflection will be on the nature of teaching and learning process within my practice placement. Some of the factors influencing a learning experience will be discussed and linked to known teaching and learning theories. Physical and psychosocial factors that affect the learning process will also be explored. To help facilitate this assignment, a reflective model (Gibbs model 1988) will be incorporated to discuss how I have achieved the necessary level of competence during the placement. To assist in the development of learning for future students, an action plan will be formulated from the issues recognised throughout this paper.Any names mentioned are fictitious in accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Counsel Code of Professional Conduct (NMC, 2008).During the initial discussion with my mentor (Alan), I was able to express what learning needs I wanted to develop throughout my time on this placement. we agreed to be in close contact for the initial cardinal weeks and also that I would work with Alan to ensure I had as much one-to-one mentoring as possible. This was extremely beneficial as he could track my move on and provide me with guidance during the weeks (Chow Seun, 2001). At this point my learning was being promoted because he was skilled in student-led strategies. For example, he consistently explored my understanding of a task whilst providing support (Heron, 2001). I also felt positive about having the opportunity to develop a good relationship with him which is recognised as being beneficial to the learning process (Dix Hughes, 2004).According to Maslow (1971) the humanist theory of learning is concerned with feelings and experiences. My learning was definitely infl uenced by his positive attitude and manner, which, as suggested by Maslow leads to personal gain and individual fulfilment.During my time on placement it was clear that Alan was creating learning opportunities, such as attending MDT meetings, taking the lead role as care co-ordinator and offering resources at all times. I also found he was able to explain tasks clearly and to answer any questions that I had. This is something typically favoured by nurse educators (Li, 1997).My mentor was extremely approachable and would often demonstrate tasks with which I was unfamiliar, such as new assessments such as the straggle. Also if I was unclear on something he had asked me or if I did not know the answer to a question he had asked he would ask me to find out the information and then feed back to him. I found this an excellent way of building my knowledge.Alan would consistently enquire about my existing knowledge on a strung-out or task which helped me to perform thorough self-assessme nt, and to re-examine what I had already learnt, Neary (2000) states that revisiting areas that have already been studied can enhance cognitive learning. This is associated with a major(ip) theme in the theoretical framework of Bruner (1996), who explains that learners are able to construct new concepts and ideas based upon their current or past knowledge. Feedback sessions were typically planned but were sometimes spontaneous. This was due to time restrictions and nurse workload. These unprompted sessions could perhaps be improved if they were more structured (Hinchliff, 1999). This is also supported by Quinn (2000) who believes that lesson planning is merry for learning because it ensures that all areas of learning are addressed, which results in higher productivity in terms of learning (ENB/DOH 2001).Morgan (2002) states that it is vital that qualified nurses ensure students become part of the team, because this can be beneficial to their learning. In addition, the NMC requires that nurses support the development of student nurses. This was evident because each member of staff readily contributed to my learning experience through their willingness to share their professional knowledge with me (NMC, 2007).Conclusion.My placement has been a positive and memorable learning experience. Primarily I learnt by observation and role pattern whilst utilising cognitive processes.Regular discussion is vital to ensure the learner is provided with some form of direction, as well as provide the opportunity to express any needs. Planned and structured teaching sessions are particularly beneficial to the learner because they enable the mentor to teach a session logically, and to maximise learning efficiency by utilising time effectively. Multidisciplinary team members with the same level of knowledge as the main mentor are also preferable. Additionally, factors influencing learning with regards to the physical learning surround are significant in the enhancement of learni ng for students, as stated in the action plan.Collaboration On-Going Assessment, Care Planning Skills Used.In-depth assessment tools like the START (see appendix 1) only offer a guide to areas requiring further discussion and any assessment of risk should include risk to others as well as to the individual and an individuals social, family, and environmental circumstance, also need considering, as well as the need for positive risk taking as part of the risk assessment process (DOH 1999, 1999a). However to make assessment, including risk assessment and management as valid and reliable as possible it is essential that care planning within mental health is collaborative (DOH 1991,1999, 1999a) and more recently the (DOH 2008), have published Refocusing the Care Programme Approach Policy and Positive Practice steerage to facilitate this. This need for collaboration is further supported by specific National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines on care provision /or treatm ent for a variety of client groups specific disorders including Schizophrenia (2002) which applies to Jane. As indicated, the (NMC 2008) also requires nurses to work with clients as partners and there is widespread agreement that mental health service-users and their carers should be fully involved in care planning (Warner 2005) as this increases their satisfaction and engagement with services (Rose 2003).This involves identifying their preference regarding care the START facilitated this by identifying Janes needs, as Janes key co-ordinator it was my (supervised) role to ensure that all due procedure was carried out regarding recording of the outcomes which also included the planning of therapeutic engagement.However, although I was aware of Janes paranoia, I also realised that to work with her effectively that I needed to put my personal feelings aside (Stuart 2005b) and on further reflection, I feel that I was eventually able to therapeutically work with Jane in her on-going as sessment, which also needed me to utilize my observation skills (Barker, 2003, Ryrie Norman 2004, Stuart 2005b). This I feel also facilitated my engagement with Jane in the process of deciding together and with the team the best potential strategies to facilitate development of her on-going care-package.Theoretical knowledge and experience are required to make informed decisions in deciding a plan of action for patients (Stuart 2005a, NMC 2007/8, DOH 2004, 2006). This is supported by Wilkinson (2007) who argues that the nursing process promotes collaboration, for when team members have an organised approach, communication is good, and patient problems are prevented. Further the ability to transfer/adapt knowledge and skills, especially communication skills, based in self-awareness, mutual trust and understanding of each others roles facilitates effective collaboration with different people (staff, clients and carers) in different situations (Hadland 2004, NMC 2008, Onyett 2004, Stu art 2005a/b) and are required as one of the competencies identified by the DOH (2004) for mental health practitioners and for nurses (DOH 2006). The (NMC, 2008) also make it clear that nurses must always act on what they believe to be the service-users best interests, and the Healthcare Commissions (2005b) center of attention standards emphasise the need for employers to ensure that employees follow their professional codes.As indicated MDT collaboration regarding Jane, began before the formal review meeting, however when I formally presented my initial and on-going assessment findings to the team, using guidelines from The New Ways of Working programme (DOH, 2005b), I came across barriers to collaboration with Jane. The fact that, due to legal and safety requirements of the environment (Mersey Care Risk Management Policy and Strategy, 2007 Best Practice focussing for Risk, DOH, 2007) Jane was prevented from attending because the review was held in a non-secure area of the hospita l.This omit of patient involvement by services was identified by the SCMHs (1998) Acute Problems report, which criticised in-patients services for lack of collaboration with patients and although the hospital provides an advocacy service for patients to overcome this to an extent, non was present for Jane.ConclusionAs evidenced by my reflections I feel that I was effective in utilising the skills outlined above in respect of gaining Janes positive and collaborative engagement with me and the strategies agreed by the MDT. To help me develop my self-awareness and skills in relation to such issues, and those outlined above I found that keeping a reflective diary at this placement, was a crucial way of ensuring critical events that needed further review, to benefit my practice, would not be forgotten.Throughout my experience my mentor has proven to be a valuable resource and without his support I feel collaboration with both Jane and the MDT would have been significantly more difficult .In addition to my personal reflections and supervised experiences, which gave me the opportunity to better understand the roles of the other team members and helped create a collaborative partnership between people with varying knowledge, skills and perspectives (Hornby Atkins 2000 Nancarrow 2004), I feel that the opportunity for clinical supervision with my mentor has played an important part in my role development.Finally one specific criticism I have concerns the lack of collaboration with families and carers, as their involvement I feel was actively discouraged, unless clients gave their permission for this. The only information they were giving were visiting arrangements and telephone numbers. Although confidentiality has to be considered, the family were never invited to the MDT meeting. To work effectively in partnership with service-users and carers, it is essential that we are able to form and sustain relationships and offer meaningful choice (Care Services Improvement Pa rtnership/National Institute for Mental Health in England, DOH, 2005).If true collaboration is to be achieved family and carer involvement must be advocated as far possible and their needs must be considered in line with the 1990 Carer (Recognition and Services) Act.Appendix oneThere is a junior-grade but significant group of severely mentally ill people who have multiple, long-term needs and who cannot or do not wish to engage with services. Unless engagement is achieved and people in the group are provided with safe and effective services, they will continue to face social exclusion. Public confidence in services is determined partly by the adequacy of services for this group. Staff must be able to provide a range of services within the team and access other services across a wide group of agencies. In order to achieve this it will be necessary for the relevant agencies locally to come together to prepare and implement a specific plan for the group. The task for the staff and ag encies involved is to tackle the social exclusion of this client group. Unless this is do it will be difficult to achieve positive outcomes in either health or social functioning. The Review underpins this analysis with six key findings financial support 15 recommendations.The six key findings1 There must be a strategic approach to the needs ofthe client group both across the country and locallyEach Health Authority should set up an inter-agency strategy group to plan and monitor provision for the group(Recommendation 1). Its first tasks will be to establish a local definition of the group, to commission a needsassessment, to benchmark local services, and to develop a plan for services.2 Assertive outreach is the core function required frommental health services in relation to the client groupAll Health Authorities with a sufficient client-base (i.e. 100-150 people) should create one or more assertive outreachteams to take the lead in engaging with the client group (Recommendation 2). Where the client-base is too small tojustify this, other appropriate arrangements should be made to deliver the assertive outreach function.3 A human resource plan is required to enable theimplementation of assertive outreachThe lead agencies should agree a set of core criteria for the selection of staff to work with the client group(Recommendation 3) based on those suggested by this Review. Teams will require a range of expertise so thatindividual team members can act as resources for the team as a whole (Recommendation 4). Training strategiesmust also be developed and implemented (Recommendation 5).4 Teams must be effectively managedManagers of front-line staff must be visible to staff and accountable for service delivery (Recommendation 6). Teammembers must have protected caseloads of around 10-15 clients (Recommendation 7).5 Teams must develop a style of working whichmatches the n